ICD-11 Codes
for 3A01.3Y - Other specified vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency

Teodor Jurukovski January 1, 1970

Fact checked by: Teodor Jurukovski

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Understanding Other Specified Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anaemia due to Intrinsic Factor Deficiency (ICD-11 Code 3A01.3Y)

Other specified vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency, identified by the ICD-11 code 3A01.3Y, is a specific type of megaloblastic anaemia. This condition arises when the body cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 because of issues related to intrinsic factor, but it is distinct from pernicious anaemia. Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of healthy red blood cells, which are vital for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Intrinsic factor, a protein produced in the stomach, is crucial for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the digestive system. When intrinsic factor is insufficient or non-functional, vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia can develop.

Causes and Risk Factors for Intrinsic Factor Deficiency

The underlying cause for vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia coded as 3A01.3Y relates to problems with intrinsic factor. While pernicious anaemia is a well-known cause of intrinsic factor deficiency, this specific ICD-11 code encompasses other specified reasons. These can include autoimmune conditions that affect the stomach lining, leading to reduced intrinsic factor production. Surgical interventions, such as the removal or bypass of parts of the stomach, can also impair intrinsic factor synthesis or function. Congenital (inherited) forms of intrinsic factor deficiency represent rare genetic causes. Additionally, chronic gastritis or other digestive diseases that impact the stomach's ability to produce intrinsic factor can contribute to this condition.

Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anaemia

Individuals experiencing vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia may present with a range of symptoms, which can develop gradually and vary in severity. Common signs of anaemia include persistent fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Neurological manifestations are also characteristic and can include numbness or tingling sensations in the hands and feet, difficulties with balance and walking, cognitive changes such as confusion or memory loss, and mood disturbances like irritability or depression. Other symptoms may involve a sore or red tongue, digestive upset, and a rapid heart rate. The presence and intensity of these symptoms depend on the degree of vitamin B12 deficiency and its duration.

Diagnosing Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anaemia

The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia typically involves a comprehensive medical evaluation, often initiated with blood tests. A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is used to assess red blood cell parameters, while specific blood tests measure vitamin B12 levels. It is important to note that vitamin B12 levels may appear normal in some individuals despite presenting with deficiency symptoms. Additional diagnostic tests, such as the methylmalonic acid (MMA) test and homocysteine test, can provide further insights into vitamin B12 status. In certain cases, a bone marrow biopsy might be considered to confirm the diagnosis.

Management and Treatment Strategies

The primary goal of treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia is to restore adequate vitamin B12 levels in the body. Management strategies are tailored to the individual's specific cause and severity of the deficiency. Common therapeutic approaches include vitamin B12 injections, oral vitamin B12 supplements, or nasal sprays. Depending on the underlying cause, treatment may be required long-term, potentially for the rest of the patient's life. While dietary adjustments, such as increasing intake of B12-rich foods like meat, fish, dairy, and fortified products, are generally beneficial, individuals with intrinsic factor deficiency often require supplementation regardless of their diet due to absorption issues.

Coding and Documentation for 3A01.3Y

The ICD-11 code 3A01.3Y specifically denotes 'Other specified vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency'. This code is used when a patient's vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia is confirmed to be caused by intrinsic factor issues, but it does not fall under the specific category of pernicious anaemia (ICD-11 code 3A01.30). Accurate clinical documentation detailing the specific nature of the intrinsic factor deficiency is essential for correct coding and subsequent medical billing and record-keeping. This code is reportable for healthcare statistics and administrative purposes.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Individuals experiencing symptoms suggestive of anaemia, such as extreme tiredness, paleness, or shortness of breath, or those noticing neurological changes like numbness, tingling, or cognitive difficulties, should consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia and preventing potentially irreversible complications, particularly those affecting the nervous system. Persistent or worsening symptoms warrant immediate medical attention to ensure timely intervention and optimal health outcomes.