ICD-11 Codes
for 7A40.1 - Primary central sleep apnoea of infancy

Teodor Jurukovski January 1, 1970

Fact checked by: Teodor Jurukovski

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Understanding Primary Central Sleep Apnoea of Infancy (ICD-11 Code 7A40.1)

Primary central sleep apnoea of infancy, identified by the ICD-11 code 7A40.1, is a specific sleep-related breathing disorder affecting infants. This condition is characterised by recurrent episodes where the infant's brain fails to send consistent signals to the muscles that control breathing during sleep, leading to pauses in respiration. Unlike obstructive sleep apnoea, there is no physical blockage of the airway; the cessation of breathing is due to a lack of respiratory effort originating from the central nervous system.

Recognising the Signs of Infant Central Sleep Apnoea

The primary symptom of primary central sleep apnoea of infancy is the observation of pauses in breathing during sleep. These apnoeas may last for 20 seconds or longer, or be shorter if accompanied by other signs such as a reduction in heart rate or a bluish discolouration of the skin (cyanosis). Caregivers might notice irregular breathing patterns or that the infant appears to stop breathing momentarily. These breathing pauses during sleep in babies are a key indicator that warrants medical evaluation.

Factors Associated with Primary Central Sleep Apnoea in Infants

The exact cause for primary central sleep apnoea of infancy (7A40.1) is often unknown, classifying it as idiopathic. However, it is more commonly observed in infants born prematurely. This increased incidence in preemies is often linked to an immature brainstem, which plays a crucial role in regulating breathing. While prematurity is a significant risk factor, the condition can also occur in full-term infants.

How Primary Central Sleep Apnoea of Infancy is Diagnosed

A definitive diagnosis of primary central sleep apnoea of infancy requires objective medical assessment. The gold standard for diagnosis is polysomnography, commonly known as a sleep study. This comprehensive test monitors the infant's breathing patterns, heart rate, oxygen levels, and brain activity throughout sleep, allowing clinicians to confirm the presence, type, and severity of central apnoeas. Physical examinations and other tests may also be conducted to rule out other potential causes or co-existing conditions.

Treatment Considerations for Central Sleep Apnoea in Infants

Management strategies for primary central sleep apnoea of infancy are tailored to the individual infant's needs and the severity of their condition. Many premature infants may naturally outgrow the condition as their respiratory control systems mature. For infants experiencing persistent or severe symptoms, treatment may involve supportive measures. These can include the administration of supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate blood oxygen levels or the use of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy to help keep the airway open and regulate breathing. The focus is on ensuring the infant receives sufficient oxygen and uninterrupted sleep.

Accurate Coding for Primary Central Sleep Apnoea of Infancy

For accurate medical billing and record-keeping, it is essential to use the correct ICD-11 code. The official ICD-11 code for primary central sleep apnoea of infancy is 7A40.1. Common clinical synonyms include infant central sleep apnea. Precise documentation of the diagnosis is critical for healthcare providers and billing specialists. Understanding the ICD-11 code for primary central sleep apnoea of infancy and applying proper coding practices for primary central sleep apnoea of infancy ensures appropriate reporting and reimbursement.