ICD-11 Codes
for BA02 - Hypertensive renal disease

Teodor Jurukovski January 1, 1970

Fact checked by: Teodor Jurukovski

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Understanding Hypertensive Renal Disease (ICD-11 Code BA02)

Hypertensive renal disease, identified by the ICD-11 code BA02, refers to damage to the kidneys that occurs as a consequence of chronic high blood pressure. This condition signifies that sustained elevated blood pressure has adversely affected the renal structures, impairing their function over time. It is a serious complication that underscores the systemic impact of uncontrolled hypertension.

Causes and Risk Factors for Kidney Damage from High Blood Pressure

The primary cause of hypertensive renal disease is long-term, uncontrolled hypertension. When blood pressure remains consistently high, the small blood vessels within the kidneys can become narrowed, damaged, or hardened. This impedes the flow of blood to the kidneys and affects their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. Several risk factors contribute to the development of hypertension, which in turn increases the likelihood of developing hypertensive renal disease. These include a family history of hypertension, advanced age, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, a diet high in salt, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Common Symptoms and Presentation of Hypertensive Renal Disease

In its early stages, hypertensive renal disease may present with no noticeable symptoms. As the condition progresses and kidney function declines, individuals might experience symptoms such as:

• Persistent fatigue and weakness
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet (oedema)
• Changes in urination patterns, such as increased frequency or blood in the urine
• Nausea or vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Difficulty concentrating
• High blood pressure that is difficult to control

These symptoms can be indicative of impaired kidney function and warrant medical evaluation.

Diagnosing Hypertensive Renal Disease

The diagnosis of hypertensive renal disease involves a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare professional. This typically includes:

• Blood Pressure Monitoring: Regular measurement to confirm sustained high blood pressure.
• Blood Tests: To assess kidney function, including levels of creatinine and urea, and to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
• Urine Tests: To detect the presence of protein (albuminuria or proteinuria) or blood in the urine, which are signs of kidney damage.
• Imaging Studies: Such as ultrasounds or CT scans, to evaluate the size and structure of the kidneys and rule out other potential causes of kidney disease.

A thorough medical history and physical examination are crucial components of the diagnostic process.

Treatment and Management Considerations

The management of hypertensive renal disease focuses on controlling blood pressure to prevent further kidney damage and slow the progression of renal impairment. Key strategies include:

• Blood Pressure Control: Achieving and maintaining target blood pressure levels through lifestyle modifications and prescribed medications.
• Medications: Often includes ACE inhibitors or ARBs, which are particularly beneficial for protecting the kidneys. Diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers may also be used.
• Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a kidney-friendly diet low in sodium and protein, maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake.
• Monitoring: Regular check-ups to monitor blood pressure, kidney function, and overall health.

Early intervention and consistent management are vital for preserving kidney function.

Documentation and Coding Considerations for Hypertensive Renal Disease

Accurate documentation and coding are essential for patient care, billing, and statistical reporting. The ICD-11 code BA02 specifically represents Hypertensive renal disease. This code is often used in conjunction with codes for chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages (e.g., GB61.0-GB61.5) to fully describe the patient's condition, such as 'Hypertensive renal disease with stage 5 chronic kidney disease' (BA02/GB61.5). Proper coding ensures that the relationship between hypertension and kidney disease is clearly recorded, supporting appropriate reimbursement and clinical decision-making. Clinicians should document the presence of hypertension and its impact on the renal system to support the selection of BA02 and any associated codes.