ICD-11 Codes
for BA21 - Orthostatic hypotension

Teodor Jurukovski January 1, 1970

Fact checked by: Teodor Jurukovski

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Understanding Orthostatic Hypotension (ICD-11 Code BA21)

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a medical condition characterised by a significant drop in blood pressure upon standing from a seated or lying position. This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and even fainting, increasing the risk of falls and other adverse health outcomes. It is a common issue, particularly prevalent in older adults, and can contribute to significant morbidity. The official ICD-11 code for this condition is BA21.

Common Symptoms and Presentation of Orthostatic Hypotension

The primary presentation of orthostatic hypotension involves symptoms related to insufficient blood flow to the brain upon standing. These commonly include:

• Lightheadedness
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Fainting (syncope)

These symptoms typically occur when moving from a seated or lying position to standing and resolve upon returning to a seated or lying position.

Causes and Risk Factors for Orthostatic Hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension can stem from a variety of factors, including:

• Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake can reduce blood volume.
• Medications: Certain drugs, such as antihypertensives, alpha-blockers, and some antidepressants, can lower blood pressure.
• Underlying Medical Conditions: Diseases affecting the autonomic nervous system, like diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy, are common causes.
• Age: The condition is more prevalent in older individuals due to natural physiological changes.
• Physical Deconditioning: Lack of regular physical activity can contribute.
• Volume Depletion: Conditions leading to loss of bodily fluids.

Diagnosing Orthostatic Hypotension

The diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and specific diagnostic tests. A key component is the posture test, which involves measuring blood pressure and heart rate changes at different positions (sitting/lying and standing). Diagnostic criteria often include a significant fall in blood pressure within a few minutes of standing. Further investigations may include tilt-table tests, autonomic function assessments, and laboratory tests to identify underlying causes.

Treatment and Management Considerations for Orthostatic Hypotension

Management strategies for orthostatic hypotension aim to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment often involves:

• Addressing the underlying cause, such as managing diabetes or discontinuing aggravating medications.
• Non-pharmacological measures: Increasing fluid and salt intake, wearing compression stockings, and using abdominal binders.
• Pharmacological interventions: Medications like midodrine or droxidopa may be prescribed if other measures are insufficient.

The goal is to improve blood pressure regulation and reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms.

Synonyms and Alternative Terms for Orthostatic Hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension is also commonly referred to by other terms, including postural hypotension and primary orthostatic hypotension. In some clinical contexts, it may be described as chronic orthostatic hypotension. The ICD-11 code BA21 encompasses these related terms for accurate classification.