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ICD Hub / Diseases of the skin (L00–L99) / EA50.2 - Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
ICD-11

ICD-11 Codes
for EA50.2 - Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Teodor Jurukovski January 1, 1970
Fact checked by: Teodor Jurukovski
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Understanding Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a serious skin condition caused by toxins produced by certain strains of *Staphylococcus aureus* bacteria. This disorder is characterised by widespread redness and peeling of the skin, giving it a scalded or burned appearance. While it can affect individuals of any age, it is most commonly observed in infants and young children, particularly those under six years old. In adults, SSSS is often associated with underlying conditions such as kidney disease or a compromised immune system. The condition arises from epidermolytic toxins that cause the outer layers of the skin to separate.

Key Symptoms of Scalded Skin Syndrome

The presentation of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome can vary, but common signs include a sudden onset of fever, irritability or fussiness, and general tiredness. This is typically followed by widespread redness of the skin, which may progress to the formation of blisters. These blisters are fragile and can rupture easily, leaving behind tender, moist areas that subsequently peel. Large sheets of the top layer of skin may detach, resembling a burn. The rash often begins on the face and can rapidly spread to other parts of the body.

Causes and Contributing Factors for SSSS

The primary cause of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is infection with specific toxin-producing strains of *Staphylococcus aureus*. These bacteria release epidermolytic toxins that target proteins responsible for skin cell adhesion, leading to the separation of the epidermis. Factors that increase the risk of developing SSSS include young age (under six years), a weakened immune system, and chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Young children are more susceptible due to lower levels of protective antibodies and less efficient toxin clearance.

Diagnostic Process for Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

Diagnosis of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is primarily based on clinical examination, taking into account the characteristic symptoms and medical history. Healthcare providers may order tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. These can include skin biopsies to examine the affected tissue under a microscope and cultures of blood, urine, or skin lesions to identify the causative bacteria. Differentiating SSSS from similar conditions like bullous impetigo, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis is a crucial part of the diagnostic process.

Treatment Strategies for SSSS

Management of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome typically requires hospitalisation, often in an intensive care unit (ICU) or a specialised burn unit, due to the severity of skin involvement and potential complications. Treatment focuses on eliminating the bacterial infection and providing supportive care. This includes administering intravenous (IV) antibiotics to combat the *Staphylococcus aureus* infection, providing IV fluids to prevent dehydration and maintain fluid balance, and managing pain with appropriate medications. Skin care, including the use of creams, ointments, and bandages, is also essential. Nutritional support, such as nasogastric feeding, may be necessary if the patient cannot eat adequately.

Accurate ICD-11 Coding for EA50.2

The official ICD-11 code for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is EA50.2. This code is essential for accurate medical billing, documentation, and statistical reporting. Common clinical synonyms for this condition include Ritter disease, Ritter von Ritterschein disease, pemphigus neonatorum, and the abbreviation SSSS. Patient-friendly terms such as 'scalded skin syndrome' or 'peeling skin condition' may also be used in communication. When documenting or coding for this condition, healthcare professionals should use the precise ICD-11 code EA50.2 to ensure clarity and compliance. This code facilitates tracking the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome for healthcare management and research purposes.

Frequently asked questions

What is classified under ICD-11 code EA50.2?
ICD-11 code EA50.2 is for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a toxin-mediated cutaneous reaction to systemic bacterial infection.
How is Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (EA50.2) distinguished from other conditions in ICD-11?
In ICD-11, EA50.2 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is distinct from Toxic epidermal necrolysis (EB13.1). Neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is coded separately as EH11.
What is the ICD-11 classification for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is classified under ICD-11 code EA50.2, falling within the broader category of Toxin-mediated cutaneous reactions to distant or systemic bacterial infection (EA50).
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